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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE  CLASS IX – OUR PLANET EARTH Choose the correct answer: 1. Environment includes: A. Only living organisms B. Only non-living things C. Both living and non-living components D. Only plants Answer: C 2. Living components of the environment are called: A. Abiotic components B. Biotic components C. Atmospheric components D. Lithospheric components Answer: B 3. Non-living components of the environment are called: A. Biotic components B. Ecological components C. Abiotic components D. Biospheric components Answer: C 4. Which of the following is an abiotic component? A. Tree B. Human C. Soil D. Bacteria Answer: C

 Development of Tourism in India Introduction Tourism refers to travelling from one place to another for leisure, recreation, business, education, religious purposes, or adventure. Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world and contributes significantly to economic development. It helps people learn about different cultures, traditions, languages, and lifestyles. India is known for its rich cultural heritage, natural beauty, historical monuments, and diverse landscapes. Due to these factors, India attracts millions of tourists every year from different parts of the world.

  Folk – Tales Definition, Types, Features and Functions I. What are folk-tales? Folk-tales are stories handed down from generation to generation usually by oral retelling. They are shared by members of a bio-region. These stories often undergo changes as they pass from one storyteller to the next. Folk-tales often explain some things that happen in nature or society. They may convey certain truths or beliefs that exist in a society. Generally, folk-tales are told to amuse and instruct the listeners. II. Who wrote folk-tales? Most of the folk-tales are composed by anonymous writers. They are part of the oral tradition. Some famous writers, such as the brothers Grimm, wrote folk-tales while others collected folk-tales of a particular region. In India, A. K. Ramanujan is famous for collecting oral tales. In Bengal, Lal Behari Dey is perhaps the first scholar to collect oral tales of Bengal. III. What are the different types of folk-tales?    Fable: A fable is...

'Still I Rise' ~ Maya Angelou   Message of the Poem 'Still I Rise' by Maya Angelou conveys a powerful message of resilience and hope. Through vivid imagery and a defiant tone, the poem celebrates the strength and determination of marginalized communities, particularly African-Americans, in the face of adversity and discrimination. The speaker has suffered oppression but she is not a person to succumb and yield. Human beings have incredible strength to rise above and overcome odds. So she will rise and rise and rise. The repeated phrase 'I rise' serves as a chant of self-affirmation and defiance against those who seek to diminish one's worth. Angelou's message is one of courage, pride, and the unwavering belief in the inherent value and dignity of every individual. The poem inspires readers to rise above challenges with grace and strength. Central Idea of the Poem 'Still I Rise' is a poem about strength and resilience. It celebrates the en...

 My Last Duchess ~ Robert Browning  Summary, Explanation, Questions Answer, Class 11 Semester 2 Critical Estimate of the Poem ‘My Last Duchess’ presents a fine psychological study of character and situation. It delves deep into the Renaissance spirit as well as the Victorian morality. The cleavage between culture and morality, love and power, as explored in the poem, is as relevant to the age of Renaissance, as to the Victorian era. Browning has combined both in his dramatic delineation of the character, situation, and speech suited to the context of the poem. Its style is clear, compact, witty, and its flow in verse has an authentic conversational flavour. The poem opens in a very casual conversational style. The Duke addresses an unknown and silent listener. He talks about his last Duchess. Pointing to the painting of his last Duchess on the wall, he exposes the character and personality of the Duchess. He also praises the painting by calling it a masterpiece. The imagin...

  ‘NOBEL LECTURE’ ~ MOTHER TERESA  Summary, Explanation, Questions Answer, Class 11 Semester 2 Message of the Text 'Nobel Lecture' is a contemplation upon attaining peace through love. Mother Teresa brings out the obstacles against peace. Lack of love is the primary concern in this case. Mother Teresa has given some examples to show how love can change the world. She wants love in people for others. But she thinks that love should start at the family level first. There are many people remaining in families, but living lonely lives. Mother Teresa finds the greatest instance of lack of love in abortion. She thinks it is a killing of children by the mothers. She wants to stop abortion by practising self-control. Again, she refers to love as the connecting point. She reads this self-control as an expression of love. She is astonished to see the number of unwanted children on earth. She indicates these types of lack of love as the starting point of breaking of peace. Only love in p...

‘Of Studies’ ~ Francis Bacon Summary, Explanation, Questions Answer, Class 11 Semester 2   Introduction to the Essay Francis Bacon published a series of ten essays in 1597. ‘Of Studies’ is the first essay of the series. It was modified in 1612 by incorporating some more ideas and sentences and changing some words and expressions. It is one of the most popular essays of Bacon. It shows the influence of the Renaissance on the people of Elizabethan age. The Renaissance spirit awakened a desire to know the unknown. As a result, studies became an essential part of daily life. Although the world of knowledge is unlimited, it is not possible to attain limitless knowledge by reading all the books. Only a short-cut method of selective study can enrich us. So Bacon addresses the issue to facilitate study, deals with the benefits of study and its modes and concludes with the effectiveness of study in curing some mental defects. In the text, Bacon has treated study from various angles. It begi...

  Jimmy Valentine ~ O.Henry Summary, MCQs, Class 11 Semester 2 Summary of the Story ‘Jimmy Valentine’ is the story of the transformation of a heart from darkness to a bright future. Jimmy had been captivated once or twice, but he remained the same. He came back and resumed his old activities of cracking safes. The strenuous days of the jail could not reform his heart. The advice of the warden or the rehabilitation money could not impress upon his mind. He carried on his operations. It was not advice or money or even punishment which transformed Jimmy. He was transformed with the touch of a touchstone which he came into contact with in Elmore. It was the love which bloomed in Jimmy after seeing Annabel Adams that transformed him. He took a new name, Mr. Ralph D. Spencer. Ralph was the phoenix that arose from Jimmy’s ashes. He totally wanted to forget his past life and decided to give his burglary suitcase to a friend. He was preparing to marry Annabel and live with an honest earnin...

  Introduction to Reflection Class 8 – ICSE Mathematics   Introduction to Reflection Reflection is an important topic in geometry that helps us understand how shapes and figures change their position on a plane without changing their size or shape. In simple words, reflection means the mirror image of a figure. When we look at ourselves in a mirror, the image we see is an example of reflection. In mathematics, this idea is studied in a more systematic and accurate way using points, lines, and figures on a coordinate plane. Reflection is a type of geometrical transformation. A transformation is a process by which a figure is moved, flipped, or turned to form a new figure. In reflection, a figure is flipped over a fixed line called the line of reflection. This line acts like a mirror. Every point of the original figure and its reflected image lie at the same distance from the line of reflection, but on opposite sides. One of the most important properties of reflection is that ...

   मैं नीर भरी दुख की बदली                                                         — महादेवी वर्मा Summary, Explanation, Word meanings, MCQs, Class 12 Semester 3 मैं नीर भरी दुख की बदली ! स्पन्दन में चिर निःस्पन्द बसा क्रन्दन में आहत विश्व हँसा नयनों में दीपक से जलते, पलकों में निसृणी मचली ! मेरा पग-पग संगीत भरा श्वासों से स्वप्न-पराग झरा नभ के नव रंग बुनते दुकुल छाया में मलय-वयार पली । मैं क्षितिज-भ्रुकुटि पर घिर धूमिल चिन्ता का भार बनी अविरल, रज-कण पर जल-कण हो बरसी, नव जीवन-अंकुर बन निकली ! पथ को न मलिन करता आना पद-चिह्न न दे जाता जाना सुधि मेरे आगम की जग में सुख की सिहरन बन अन्त खिली ! विस्तूत नभ का कोई कोना मेरा न कभी अपना होना, परिचय इतना, इतिहास यही- उड़ी कल थी, मिट आज चली !