Transformation of energy in our daily life physical science (project)

Introduction

Energy is everywhere around us, influencing everything we do and experience. It's what makes things happen, whether it's a ball rolling down a hill or a lightbulb shining brightly.

It comes in different forms, like the energy stored in food that powers our bodies or the energy in sunlight that warms the Earth. Understanding energy helps us comprehend the world around us and find ways to use it wisely.



Energy

Energy is essential for the existence of all living organisms. We derive a large part of the energy from the sun; hence it is the biggest source of energy for us. The term “Energy” holds various meanings in our daily life, but in Science, it has a specific definition. The word “Energy” is derived from the Greek word “Energia” which means activity or operation. 

Energy is defined as a physical quantity that is transferred from one object to another to perform work or to heat the object. The S.I. The unit of Energy is Joule (J), and it is a derived unit. It is named after the famous physicist James Prescott Joule.



Sources of Energy 

Energy resources can be further classified into two types as Non-renewable and Renewable.

The types of energy sources are given below.

Non-Renewable Resources

Fossil fuels like natural gas, oil, and coal are called non-renewable energy resources because if these are used once, they cannot be renewed by natural processes or any means.

Renewable Resources

Natural resources like water, wind, geothermal, and solar are known as the types of renewable energy sources as they come from the sources that regenerate it back after consumption and are available in nature continuously.

 There are various sources of energy.

Solar Energy: Solar energy is that energy is derived from the sun. The solar energy is stored in devices known as solar cells. 

Wind Energy: Wind energy is obtained from the force of the wind. A large number of windmills are set up to harness the power of wind and then generate electricity.

 Tidal Energy: Tidal wave energy comes from the movement of the sea waves when tides change from high to low.

Hydraulic Energy: This type of energy is produced by the water we store in reservoirs or artificial lakes.

Geothermal Energy: This energy is generated from the heat stored in the earth. This type of energy is used for heating a house or generating electricity.

Types of Energy

1. Kinetic Energy

It is the energy of motion of a body. For example, when a child is swinging on a swing. No matter in which direction the swing is moving forward or backward, the value of the kinetic energy will never be negative.

2. Potential Energy

It is the energy of an object’s position. For example: When a child swinging on a swing reaches the top of the arc, she reaches maximum potential energy. When she reaches the ground, the potential energy is minimum (0).

3. Mechanical Energy

It results from the movement or the location of an object. It is kinetic plus potential energy. For Example, a moving car has kinetic energy. If you move the car up the hill, it has both kinetic energy and potential energy.

4. Chemical Energy

It generates from chemical reactions between atoms or molecules. In chemical reactions, energy is released or energy is absorbed. For example, chemical energy stored in an electrochemical cell or battery.

5. Nuclear Energy

All objects are made of atoms, and atoms are made of electrons, protons, and neutrons. The core of an atom is known as a nucleus. A nucleus is made of nucleons, which means protons and neutrons. Elections exist in an atom outside the nucleus.

Nuclear energy is released when atoms are joined together (nuclear fusion) or when an atom is split apart (nuclear fission).

6. Sound Energy

Sound energy is a form of kinetic energy caused by the physical vibration of air particles or molecules. The particles collide with other neighboring particles causing them to vibrate. These vibrations travel in a straight line. When they reach our ears, we perceive them as sound.

7. Light Energy

Light energy is a kind of electromagnetic radiation. Light consists of photons that are produced when the atoms of an object heat up. Light travels in waves, and it is the only form of energy visible to the human eye. This type of energy is also kinetic energy. 

8. Thermal (Heat) Energy

Thermal energy can also be called heat energy, which is produced when a rise in temperature causes molecules and atoms to move faster and collide with each other. The energy that comes from the temperature of the heated substance is known as thermal energy.

For example, a cup of hot coffee has thermal energy. Heat generates and has thermal energy with respect to the environment.



Transformation of energy

The Law of Conservation of Energy

The law states that ‘In a closed system, i.e., a system that is isolated from its surroundings, the total energy of the system is conserved’. It means that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. It can only transfer from one form to the other. And the total energy of an isolated system remains constant if all types of energy are taken into account.

A few examples here.

In a torch, the chemical energy of the batteries is converted into electrical energy, which is converted into light and heat energy.

In hydroelectric power plants, waterfalls on the turbines from a height. This, in turn, rotates the turbines and generates electricity. Hence, the potential energy of water is converted into the kinetic energy of the turbine, which is further converted into electrical energy.

In a loudspeaker, electrical energy is converted into sound energy.

In a microphone, sound energy is converted into electrical energy.

In a generator, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.

When fuels are burnt, chemical energy is converted into heat and light energy.

Chemical energy from food is converted to thermal energy when it is broken down in the body and is used to keep it warm.



Transformation of energy in our daily life

Flashlight

 When we switch on the torch flashlight, the circuit closes. Chemical energy is turned into electrical energy in cells. The electrical energy that travels through the torch bulb is subsequently converted into light energy, and the torch bulb shines. 

Speaking into a Telephone.

The sound waves are transported to a diaphragm, a thin metal disc inside the phone, and converted into electrical energy. The electrical energy goes via cables to another phone and is changed back to electrical energy, which can be heard by the person on the other end of the phone!

 Solar Panel 

Solar technologies use photovoltaic (PV) panels or mirrors to concentrate solar radiation to convert sunlight into electrical energy. This energy can be converted into electricity or stored in batteries or thermal storage. 

 Air conditioner

In this, electricity is used to transport heat from one place to another. This is managed through the conversion of electrical energy to kinetic energy. The refrigerant absorbs the heat energy inside the room and transports it outside. Once cool, refrigerant is again circulated back inside to carry more heat outside.

Vehicles

When fossil fuels like petrol or diesel are used to run vehicles, the chemical energy contained in them is converted into mechanical energy. Heat energy is also generated as a by-product.

Television

A television converts electrical energy into light and sound energies.

Incandescent bulb

Converts electrical energy into light energy. However, some of the electrical energy is converted into heat energy and lost in the process.

Speakers

 In the speakers the electrical energy is transformed into sound energy.

Table/ceiling fan

In the fans the electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy.

Food we eat

Chemical energy is stored in the food, which is converted into mechanical energy by our body. The by-product of heat energy is, in fact, useful for us to keep our bodies warm.

 Dry cell

When connected, a dry cell converts the chemical energy contained in it to produce electrical energy. Often heat energy is a by-product of the process.

Gas stove

A gas stove uses natural gas, syngas, butane, propane, or liquified petroleum gas (LPG) as fuel to cook food. Here the energy transformation is from chemical energy to heat energy.

Firecrackers

When a firecracker is lit, it turns the chemical energy in it to light, sound, heat, and mechanical energy.

Running 

When we run Chemical energy turns in to the mechanical energy and heat energy. Heat energy is by product.

Electric geyser

The electric geyser is an electrical appliance used to raise the temperature of water using electric current. It converts electrical energy to thermal energy.

Falling of ball 

As the ball falls towards the ground, its gravitational potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of the ball will continue increasing as the ball gains momentum, until it finally collides with a surface. When the ball collides, the kinetic energy is transformed into other forms of energy.



Conclusion

This project has deepened our understanding of energy and its vital role in our world. By exploring different forms of energy and their applications, we've gained valuable insights into the importance of sustainable practices and efficient utilization. As we move forward, it's clear that embracing renewable energy sources and implementing energy-saving measures are essential steps towards a more sustainable future."



Bibliography

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https://www.vedantu.com/evs/energy-transformation

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