Environmental Studies - Chapter 2 Diversity of Life Class ix
Environmental Studies - Chapter 2 -Diversity of Life Class ix
These are exam-oriented MCQs covering every point mentioned in the ICSE 2028 syllabus.
SECTION 1: BIODIVERSITY (MCQs)
1.Biodiversity refers to:
A. Variety of non-living things
B. Variety of living organisms and ecosystems
C. Variety of climates
D. Variety of rocks
Answer: B
2. The term biodiversity was popularized by:
A. Charles Darwin
B. E.O. Wilson
C. Mendel
D. Linnaeus
Answer: B
3. Biodiversity includes:
A. Plants only
B. Animals only
C. Microorganisms only
D. All living organisms
Answer: D
4. Which of the following is NOT a component of biodiversity?
A. Genetic diversity
B. Species diversity
C. Ecosystem diversity
D. Atmospheric diversity
Answer: D
5. Biodiversity is important because it:
A. Maintains ecological balance
B. Provides resources
C. Supports life
D. All of these
Answer: D
6. Genetic diversity refers to:
A. Variety of ecosystems
B. Variety of genes within a species
C. Variety of species
D. Variety of habitats
Answer: B
7. Different varieties of mango are examples of:
A. Species diversity
B. Ecosystem diversity
C. Genetic diversity
D. Community diversity
Answer: C
8. Genetic diversity helps organisms:
A. Adapt to environmental changes
B. Become extinct
C. Reduce variation
D. Stop evolution
Answer: A
9. Which of the following shows genetic diversity?
A. Tiger and lion
B. Rose and sunflower
C. Different breeds of dogs
D. Forest and desert
Answer: C
10. Low genetic diversity may lead to:
A. Better adaptation
B. Greater resistance
C. Increased vulnerability
D. More biodiversity
Answer: C
11. Species diversity refers to:
A. Number and variety of species
B. Number of genes
C. Number of habitats
D. Number of ecosystems
Answer: A
12. A region containing many different species has:
A. Low species diversity
B. High species diversity
C. No biodiversity
D. Genetic diversity only
Answer: B
13. Which ecosystem usually has the highest species diversity?
A. Desert
B. Tundra
C. Tropical rainforest
D. Polar region
Answer: C
14. Species richness means:
A. Number of individuals
B. Number of species
C. Number of genes
D. Number of habitats
Answer: B
15. Greater species diversity generally results in:
A. Less stability
B. More ecosystem stability
C. More pollution
D. Less productivity
Answer: B
16. Ecosystem diversity refers to:
A. Variety of ecosystems
B. Variety of genes
C. Variety of species
D. Variety of population
Answer: A
17. Which pair represents ecosystem diversity?
A. Tiger and lion
B. Desert and forest
C. Cow and buffalo
D. Rice and wheat
Answer: B
18. India possesses high ecosystem diversity because of:
A. Different climates and landforms
B. Single climate
C. Uniform vegetation
D. Lack of rainfall
Answer: A
19. A wetland and a grassland differ mainly in:
A. Ecosystem type
B. Genes
C. Species only
D. Population size
Answer: A
20. The largest ecosystem on Earth is:
A. Pond
B. Forest
C. Biosphere
D. River
Answer: C
21. Biodiversity contributes to:
A. Soil formation
B. Pollination
C. Nutrient cycling
D. All of these
Answer: D
22. Biodiversity helps in:
A. Maintaining food chains
B. Ecological balance
C. Sustainable development
D. All of these
Answer: D
23. Loss of biodiversity can cause:
A. Ecosystem instability
B. Increased ecological balance
C. Better adaptation
D. More resources
Answer: A
24. Medicines obtained from plants show biodiversity's:
A. Economic value
B. Cultural value
C. Scientific value
D. All of these
Answer: D
25. Biodiversity acts as:
A. Life-support system
B. Pollutant
C. Waste material
D. Parasite
Answer: A
26. The greatest threat to biodiversity is:
A. Habitat destruction
B. Rainfall
C. Wind
D. Photosynthesis
Answer: A
27. Deforestation leads to:
A. Increase in biodiversity
B. Habitat loss
C. Soil improvement
D. More species
Answer: B
28. Poaching refers to:
A. Conservation
B. Illegal hunting
C. Farming
D. Afforestation
Answer: B
29. Invasive species can:
A. Increase native biodiversity
B. Compete with native species
C. Improve habitats
D. Reduce competition
Answer: B
30. Climate change affects biodiversity by:
A. Altering habitats
B. Changing migration patterns
C. Increasing extinction risk
D. All of these
Answer: D
31. The country with one of the richest biodiversities is:
A. India
B. Greenland
C. Iceland
D. Antarctica
Answer: A
32. India is known as:
A. Mega-diverse country
B. Desert nation
C. Polar nation
D. Island nation
Answer: A
33. The Western Ghats are famous for:
A. High biodiversity
B. Lack of vegetation
C. Snowfall
D. Desert climate
Answer: A
34. Many endemic species are found in:
A. Biodiversity hotspots
B. Industrial zones
C. Urban centres
D. Polar regions
Answer: A
35. An endemic species is:
A. Found everywhere
B. Found only in a particular region
C. Extinct species
D. Invasive species
Answer: B
36. If all varieties of wheat become genetically identical, the crop would:
A. Become more resistant
B. Become vulnerable to diseases
C. Increase biodiversity
D. Improve adaptation
Answer: B
37. A forest with many species of plants, insects, birds and mammals shows:
A. High species diversity
B. Low biodiversity
C. Genetic diversity only
D. Ecosystem diversity only
Answer: A
38. Which biodiversity level is represented by different ecosystems in India?
A. Species diversity
B. Ecosystem diversity
C. Genetic diversity
D. Population diversity
Answer: B
39. The extinction of one species may affect:
A. Food chains
B. Food webs
C. Ecosystem balance
D. All of these
Answer: D
40. Biodiversity conservation is important because:
A. Every species has ecological value
B. It supports human survival
C. It maintains ecosystem functions
D. All of these
Answer: D
SECTION 2: SPECIES DIVERSITY, INDICATOR SPECIES & KEYSTONE SPECIES
Environmental Studies - Chapter 2 Diversity of Life Class ix
ICSE Class 9 Biology – MCQ Question Bank
1.Species diversity refers to:
A. Variety of genes
B. Variety of species in an ecosystem
C. Variety of ecosystems
D. Variety of habitats
Answer: B
2. A species is a group of organisms that:
A. Look similar only
B. Live together only
C. Can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
D. Eat the same food
Answer: C
3. The number of species present in an area is called:
A. Species richness
B. Species dominance
C. Genetic variation
D. Carrying capacity
Answer: A
4. A tropical rainforest has:
A. Low species diversity
B. Moderate species diversity
C. High species diversity
D. No species diversity
Answer: C
5. Species diversity helps in:
A. Ecosystem stability
B. Pollination
C. Nutrient cycling
D. All of these
Answer: D
6. Greater species diversity usually means:
A. More stable ecosystem
B. Less stable ecosystem
C. More pollution
D. Fewer food chains
Answer: A
7.Which ecosystem generally has the lowest species diversity?
A. Tropical rainforest
B. Coral reef
C. Desert
D. Wetland
Answer: C
8. Species evenness refers to:
A. Equal distribution of individuals among species
B. Number of species
C. Number of genes
D. Number of ecosystems
Answer: A
9. The disappearance of a species may:
A. Affect food chains
B. Affect ecosystem balance
C. Affect biodiversity
D. All of these
Answer: D
10. An ecosystem with many species is usually:
A. More resilient
B. More fragile
C. Unstable
D. Unproductive
Answer: A
11. Indicator species are organisms that:
A. Increase pollution
B. Indicate environmental conditions
C. Cause diseases
D. Destroy habitats
Answer: B
12. Indicator species help scientists:
A. Monitor ecosystem health
B. Increase biodiversity
C. Reduce habitats
D. Control rainfall
Answer: A
13. Lichens are indicators of:
A. Water quality
B. Soil fertility
C. Air quality
D. Temperature
Answer: C
14. Lichens are absent in heavily polluted cities because:
A. They are sensitive to air pollution
B. They need deserts
C. They eat pollutants
D. They require salt water
Answer: A
15. Frogs are considered indicator species because:
A. They are sensitive to environmental changes
B. They fly
C. They produce oxygen
D. They are predators
Answer: A
16. A sudden decline in frog population may indicate:
A. Healthy ecosystem
B. Environmental stress
C. Increased biodiversity
D. Better water quality
Answer: B
17. Indicator species are useful for:
A. Environmental monitoring
B. Conservation programmes
C. Pollution assessment
D. All of these
Answer: D
18. Which of the following may indicate water pollution?
A. Healthy fish population
B. Decline of amphibians
C. Increase in forests
D. Increase in rainfall
Answer: B
19. Canary birds were historically used to detect:
A. Air pollution in mines
B. Water pollution
C. Soil pollution
D. Noise pollution
Answer: A
20. Indicator species provide:
A. Early warning signs
B. Weather forecasts
C. Food resources
D. Energy flow
Answer: A
21. A keystone species is one that:
A. Has little ecological role
B. Plays a crucial role in ecosystem functioning
C. Lives only in forests
D. Is always a producer
Answer: B
22. Removal of a keystone species may:
A. Have no effect
B. Cause major ecosystem changes
C. Increase biodiversity automatically
D. Improve ecological balance
Answer: B
23. Keystone species help:
A. Maintain ecosystem structure
B. Maintain species diversity
C. Regulate populations
D. All of these
Answer: D
24. A keystone species usually:
A. Has a disproportionately large effect
B. Is always the largest organism
C. Is always a carnivore
D. Is always rare
Answer: A
25. The role of keystone species can best be compared to:
A. A foundation stone in a building
B. A leaf on a tree
C. A raindrop
D. A grain of sand
Answer: A
26. Sea otters are keystone species because they control:
A. Sharks
B. Sea urchins
C. Dolphins
D. Jellyfish
Answer: B
27. If sea otters disappear, sea urchin populations may:
A. Decrease
B. Remain unchanged
C. Increase greatly
D. Become extinct
Answer: C
28. Keystone predators prevent:
A. Species extinction
B. Overpopulation of prey
C. Ecosystem imbalance
D. All of these
Answer: D
29. A keystone species may be:
A. Plant
B. Animal
C. Microorganism
D. Any of these
Answer: D
30. Which statement is TRUE?
A. Keystone species are always abundant
B. Keystone species always live in forests
C. Keystone species strongly influence ecosystems
D. Keystone species are indicator species
Answer: C
31. Indicator species are mainly used to:
A. Monitor ecosystem health
B. Control populations
C. Produce food
D. Decompose waste
Answer: A
32. Keystone species are mainly important because they:
A. Indicate environmental changes
B. Maintain ecosystem balance
C. Cause pollution
D. Increase rainfall
Answer: B
33. Lichens are:
A. Keystone species
B. Indicator species
C. Producers only
D. Consumers only
Answer: B
34. Sea otters are:
A. Indicator species
B. Keystone species
C. Parasites
D. Decomposers
Answer: B
35. The disappearance of an indicator species generally suggests:
A. Environmental changes
B. Better biodiversity
C. Ecosystem expansion
D. Genetic mutation
Answer: A
36. The disappearance of a keystone species generally suggests:
A. Major ecological disruption
B. Increased stability
C. Improved biodiversity
D. Better habitats
Answer: A
37. A forest loses all lichens from tree trunks. This most likely indicates:
A. Improved air quality
B. Air pollution
C. More rainfall
D. Increased biodiversity
Answer: B
38. A wetland shows declining frog populations and increasing algae growth. This may indicate:
A. Ecosystem stress
B. Perfect ecosystem health
C. Increased biodiversity
D. Reduced pollution
Answer: A
39. If a keystone predator disappears, herbivore populations may:
A. Decline immediately
B. Increase excessively
C. Remain unchanged
D. Become producers
Answer: B
40. A coral reef supports hundreds of fish species. This demonstrates:
A. High species diversity
B. Low species diversity
C. No biodiversity
D. Genetic diversity only
Answer: A
41. An ecosystem with many species can better survive disturbances because:
A. It has alternative food sources and interactions
B. It has no competition
C. It has no predators
D. It contains fewer organisms
Answer: A
42. Which situation best illustrates the role of an indicator species?
A. Frog population declines after water pollution
B. Tiger hunts deer
C. Earthworm decomposes leaves
D. Grass performs photosynthesis
Answer: A
43. Which situation best illustrates a keystone species?
A. Removal of sea otters causing collapse of kelp forests
B. Growth of algae in ponds
C. Germination of seeds
D. Migration of birds
Answer: A
44. An area with many species but poor air quality would most likely show:
A. Abundant lichens
B. No lichens
C. More sea otters
D. More coral reefs
Answer: B
45. The best indicator of ecosystem stability is:
A. Presence of diverse species
B. Absence of all predators
C. Lack of food chains
D. Reduced biodiversity
Answer: A
46. A species whose impact is much greater than its population size is called:
A. Indicator species
B. Keystone species
C. Endemic species
D. Invasive species
Answer: B
A. Biodiversity
B. Ecosystem functioning
C. Stability
D. All of these
Answer: D
A. Ecological warning signals
B. Producers
C. Predators
D. Parasites
Answer: A
A. Hold ecosystems together
B. Increase pollution
C. Reduce biodiversity
D. Destroy habitats
Answer: A
A. Healthy ecosystem
B. Polluted ecosystem
C. Desert ecosystem
D. Unstable ecosystem
Answer: A
SECTION 3: FOOD CHAINS, FOOD WEBS & SPECIES INTERACTIONS
1. A food chain represents:
A. Flow of energy through organisms
B. Water cycle
C. Nitrogen cycle
D. Reproduction
Answer: A
2. The main source of energy for most food chains is:
A. Moon
B. Wind
C. Sun
D. Soil
Answer: C
3. The first trophic level always consists of:
A. Carnivores
B. Herbivores
C. Producers
D. Decomposers
Answer: C
4. Green plants are called:
A. Consumers
B. Producers
C. Scavengers
D. Parasites
Answer: B
5. Grass → Deer → Tiger is an example of:
A. Food chain
B. Food web
C. Ecosystem
D. Habitat
Answer: A
6. Herbivores are:
A. Primary consumers
B. Secondary consumers
C. Producers
D. Decomposers
Answer: A
7. Carnivores feeding on herbivores are:
A. Producers
B. Primary consumers
C. Secondary consumers
D. Decomposers
Answer: C
8. The final consumers in a food chain are often:
A. Top predators
B. Producers
C. Herbivores
D. Decomposers
Answer: A
9. Each step in a food chain is called:
A. Habitat
B. Trophic level
C. Niche
D. Population
Answer: B
10. Energy flow in a food chain is:
A. Cyclic
B. One-way
C. Random
D. Bidirectional
Answer: B
B. TROPHIC LEVELS
11. Producers occupy:
A. First trophic level
B. Second trophic level
C. Third trophic level
D. Fourth trophic level
Answer: A
12. Primary consumers occupy:
A. First trophic level
B. Second trophic level
C. Third trophic level
D. Fourth trophic level
Answer: B
13. Secondary consumers occupy:
A. First trophic level
B. Second trophic level
C. Third trophic level
D. Fourth trophic level
Answer: C
14. An eagle feeding on a snake is usually:
A. Producer
B. Primary consumer
C. Secondary consumer
D. Tertiary consumer
Answer: D
15. As trophic level increases:
A. Available energy decreases
B. Available energy increases
C. Energy remains constant
D. Biomass increases
Answer: A
16. The 10% law was proposed by:
A. Darwin
B. Lindeman
C. Mendel
D. Linnaeus
Answer: B
17. According to the 10% law, organisms receive approximately:
A. 100%
B. 50%
C. 10%
D. 1%
Answer: C
18. Most energy is lost as:
A. Light
B. Heat
C. Water
D. Oxygen
Answer: B
19. The highest amount of energy is present in:
A. Producers
B. Primary consumers
C. Secondary consumers
D. Tertiary consumers
Answer: A
20. The number of trophic levels is limited because:
A. Energy decreases at each level
B. Food increases
C. Water decreases
D. Population increases
Answer: A
C. GRAZING AND DETRITUS FOOD CHAINS
21. A food chain beginning with green plants is called:
A. Grazing food chain
B. Detritus food chain
C. Parasitic chain
D. Aquatic chain
Answer: A
22. A grazing food chain starts with:
A. Dead matter
B. Producers
C. Carnivores
D. Decomposers
Answer: B
23. A detritus food chain begins with:
A. Green plants
B. Herbivores
C. Dead organic matter
D. Carnivores
Answer: C
24. Fungi play an important role in:
A. Grazing food chains
B. Detritus food chains
C. Photosynthesis
D. Predation
Answer: B
25. Earthworms are associated mainly with:
A. Detritus food chain
B. Grazing food chain
C. Predator chain
D. Marine chain
Answer: A
D. FOOD WEBS
26. A food web consists of:
A. Single food chain
B. Interconnected food chains
C. Water pathways
D. One trophic level
Answer: B
27. Food webs are more realistic because:
A. Organisms eat only one food source
B. Organisms often have multiple food sources
C. Energy increases
D. Competition is absent
Answer: B
28.Food webs increase:
A. Ecosystem stability
B. Pollution
C. Extinction
D. Soil erosion
Answer: A
29. If one species disappears, a food web:
A. Always collapses
B. May adjust through alternative pathways
C. Stops functioning
D. Loses all energy
Answer: B
30. Food webs demonstrate:
A. Feeding relationships
B. Genetic variation
C. Adaptation
D. Respiration
Answer: A
31. A food web contains:
A. Producers
B. Consumers
C. Decomposers
D. All of these
Answer: D
32. Compared to food chains, food webs are:
A. Less stable
B. More stable
C. Less complex
D. Simpler
Answer: B
33. The organism with the greatest number of feeding links often has:
A. Significant ecological influence
B. No importance
C. No predators
D. No prey
Answer: A
34. Food webs help ecosystems recover from:
A. Disturbances
B. Photosynthesis
C. Respiration
D. Germination
Answer: A
35. The complexity of a food web generally increases with:
A. Biodiversity
B. Pollution
C. Habitat loss
D. Extinction
Answer: A
E. SPECIES INTERACTIONS
36. Predation is an interaction where:
A. Both benefit
B. One benefits and the other is harmed
C. Both harmed
D. Neither affected
Answer: B
37. Lion hunting a deer is:
A. Predation
B. Mutualism
C. Competition
D. Commensalism
Answer: A
38. Predators help:
A. Control prey populations
B. Increase pollution
C. Destroy habitats
D. Stop evolution
Answer: A
39. A predator is usually:
A. Consumer
B. Producer
C. Decomposer
D. Scavenger
Answer: A
40. Predation contributes to:
A. Ecological balance
B. Biodiversity loss only
C. Pollution
D. Climate change
Answer: A
41. Competition occurs when organisms:
A. Need the same resources
B. Cooperate
C. Live separately
D. Reproduce
Answer: A
42. Competition may occur for:
A. Food
B. Water
C. Space
D. All of these
Answer: D
43. Competition is usually strongest between:
A. Organisms with similar needs
B. Producers only
C. Carnivores only
D. Decomposers only
Answer: A
44. Competition can:
A. Limit population growth
B. Increase resources
C. Eliminate adaptation
D. Stop evolution
Answer: A
45. Two bird species using the same nesting sites show:
A. Competition
B. Predation
C. Mutualism
D. Parasitism
Answer: A
46. Mutualism is a relationship in which:
A. Both species benefit
B. One benefits
C. One harmed
D. Both harmed
Answer: A
47. Bees and flowering plants exhibit:
A. Mutualism
B. Competition
C. Predation
D. Parasitism
Answer: A
48. Lichens represent mutualism between:
A. Alga and fungus
B. Plant and insect
C. Fish and shark
D. Frog and algae
Answer: A
49. Mutualistic relationships improve:
A. Survival chances
B. Reproductive success
C. Ecosystem functioning
D. All of these
Answer: D
50. Pollination is often associated with:
A. Mutualism
B. Predation
C. Competition
D. Amensalism
Answer: A
51. Commensalism is a relationship where:
A. One benefits, other unaffected
B. Both benefit
C. Both harmed
D. One harmed
Answer: A
52. Remora fish attached to sharks is:
A. Commensalism
B. Predation
C. Competition
D. Parasitism
Answer: A
53. In commensalism:
A. One species gains benefit
B. One species is harmed
C. Both benefit
D. Both harmed
Answer: A
54. An orchid growing on a tree is an example of:
A. Commensalism
B. Parasitism
C. Mutualism
D. Predation
Answer: A
55. The host in commensalism is generally:
A. Unaffected
B. Harmed
C. Benefited greatly
D. Killed
Answer: A
56. Parasitism is a relationship where:
A. One benefits and host is harmed
B. Both benefit
C. Both harmed
D. Host benefits
Answer: A
57. A tapeworm living in humans is:
A. Parasitism
B. Mutualism
C. Competition
D. Commensalism
Answer: A
58. The organism benefiting in parasitism is called:
A. Host
B. Parasite
C. Producer
D. Predator
Answer: B
59. Mosquito feeding on blood is:
A. Parasitism
B. Mutualism
C. Competition
D. Amensalism
Answer: A
60. Parasites usually:
A. Depend on hosts
B. Produce food
C. Perform photosynthesis
D. Decompose matter
Answer: A
61. Amensalism is a relationship where:
A. One harmed, other unaffected
B. Both benefit
C. One benefits
D. Both harmed
Answer: A
62. Penicillium producing antibiotics that inhibit bacteria is:
A. Amensalism
B. Mutualism
C. Competition
D. Predation
Answer: A
63. In amensalism:
A. One organism suffers
B. One organism remains unaffected
C. Both A and B
D. Both benefit
Answer: C
64. If all predators disappear from a grassland, herbivore populations will likely:
A. Increase rapidly
B. Decrease immediately
C. Remain unchanged
D. Become producers
Answer: A
65. If producers are removed from an ecosystem:
A. Food chains collapse
B. Consumers survive indefinitely
C. Energy increases
D. Biodiversity increases
Answer: A
66. An ecosystem with several interconnected food chains is likely to be:
A. More stable
B. Less stable
C. Unproductive
D. Simple
Answer: A
67. A decline in decomposers would mainly affect:
A. Nutrient recycling
B. Photosynthesis
C. Pollination
D. Predation
Answer: A
68. Which interaction benefits both species?
A. Mutualism
B. Parasitism
C. Predation
D. Amensalism
Answer: A
69. Which interaction benefits one species without affecting the other?
A. Commensalism
B. Predation
C. Competition
D. Parasitism
Answer: A
70. The most stable ecosystem is one with:
A. High biodiversity and complex food webs
B. One species only
C. No predators
D. No decomposers
Answer: A
SECTION 4: ECOSYSTEMS, ECOLOGICAL HIERARCHY, HABITAT & ECOLOGICAL NICHE
1. An ecosystem is:
A. A group of animals only
B. A community of organisms interacting with their environment
C. A forest only
D. A group of plants only
Answer: B
2. The term "ecosystem" was coined by:
A. Charles Darwin
B. A.G. Tansley
C. Gregor Mendel
D. Carolus Linnaeus
Answer: B
3. An ecosystem consists of:
A. Biotic components only
B. Abiotic components only
C. Biotic and abiotic components
D. Producers only
Answer: C
4. Which of the following is a natural ecosystem?
A. Aquarium
B. Crop field
C. Forest
D. Garden
Answer: C
5. Which is an artificial ecosystem?
A. Pond
B. Forest
C. Aquarium
D. Grassland
Answer: C
6. Biotic components include:
A. Water
B. Air
C. Soil
D. Plants and animals
Answer: D
7. Abiotic components include:
A. Plants
B. Animals
C. Soil and water
D. Fungi
Answer: C
8. The ultimate source of energy in most ecosystems is:
A. Water
B. Soil
C. Sun
D. Wind
Answer: C
9. Green plants are:
A. Consumers
B. Producers
C. Decomposers
D. Parasites
Answer: B
10. The largest ecosystem on Earth is:
A. Forest
B. Ocean
C. Biosphere
D. Desert
Answer: C
SECTION 5: FOREST, GRASSLAND, DESERT, TUNDRA, FRESHWATER, COASTAL & MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
ICSE Class 9 Biology – MCQ Question Bank
1. A forest ecosystem is characterized by:
A. Sparse vegetation
B. Dominance of trees
C. Absence of animals
D. Lack of biodiversity
Answer: B
2. Forests are important because they:
A. Maintain biodiversity
B. Prevent soil erosion
C. Regulate climate
D. All of these
Answer: D
3. The producers in a forest ecosystem are:
A. Trees and green plants
B. Tigers
C. Deer
D. Fungi
Answer: A
4. Which of the following is a primary consumer in a forest?
A. Deer
B. Tiger
C. Eagle
D. Snake
Answer: A
5. Which organism acts as a decomposer in forests?
A. Fungi
B. Tiger
C. Deer
D. Hawk
Answer: A
6. Tropical rainforests are known for:
A. Low biodiversity
B. High biodiversity
C. No rainfall
D. Extreme cold
Answer: B
7. Forests help in:
A. Carbon storage
B. Oxygen production
C. Water cycle regulation
D. All of these
Answer: D
8. The top predators in forests are usually:
A. Herbivores
B. Carnivores
C. Producers
D. Decomposers
Answer: B
9. Deforestation leads to:
A. Habitat loss
B. Biodiversity decline
C. Soil erosion
D. All of these
Answer: D
10. Forest ecosystems are generally:
A. Species-rich
B. Species-poor
C. Lifeless
D. Artificial
Answer: A
11. Grasslands are dominated by:
A. Tall trees
B. Grasses
C. Algae
D. Shrubs only
Answer: B
12. Which is a common herbivore in grasslands?
A. Deer
B. Tiger
C. Hawk
D. Snake
Answer: A
13. Grasslands support:
A. Grazing animals
B. Predators
C. Birds
D. All of these
Answer: D
14. The producers in grasslands are:
A. Grasses
B. Lions
C. Wolves
D. Fungi
Answer: A
15. Grasslands are important because they:
A. Support grazing food chains
B. Support biodiversity
C. Prevent soil erosion
D. All of these
Answer: D
16. Which predator is commonly found in grasslands?
A. Lion
B. Deer
C. Rabbit
D. Grasshopper
Answer: A
17. Excessive grazing may cause:
A. Land degradation
B. Soil erosion
C. Reduced vegetation
D. All of these
Answer: D
18. Grasslands generally receive:
A. Moderate rainfall
B. No rainfall
C. Heavy snowfall
D. Continuous flooding
Answer: A
19. Grassland ecosystems are important for:
A. Livestock grazing
B. Wildlife conservation
C. Carbon storage
D. All of these
Answer: D
20. A food chain in grassland may begin with:
A. Grass
B. Rabbit
C. Fox
D. Eagle
Answer: A
21. Deserts receive:
A. Heavy rainfall
B. Very little rainfall
C. Continuous rainfall
D. Moderate rainfall
Answer: B
22. A common adaptation in desert plants is:
A. Broad leaves
B. Thick waxy stems
C. Soft stems
D. Large flowers
Answer: B
23. Cactus is an example of:
A. Desert plant
B. Aquatic plant
C. Forest tree
D. Grassland plant
Answer: A
24. Desert animals usually:
A. Conserve water
B. Lose water rapidly
C. Need constant moisture
D. Live only in water
Answer: A
25. Which animal is well adapted to deserts?
A. Camel
B. Fish
C. Frog
D. Penguin
Answer: A
26. The vegetation in deserts is generally:
A. Dense
B. Sparse
C. Absent
D. Aquatic
Answer: B
27. Desert organisms survive mainly because of:
A. Adaptations
B. Abundance of water
C. Thick forests
D. Low temperature
Answer: A
28. Deserts experience:
A. Water scarcity
B. Excess water
C. Constant humidity
D. Flooding
Answer: A
29. Desert food chains are generally:
A. Short
B. Extremely long
C. Absent
D. Unlimited
Answer: A
30. Which is NOT a desert adaptation?
A. Water storage
B. Reduced leaf area
C. Thick cuticle
D. Broad thin leaves
Answer: D
31. Tundra regions are found in:
A. Polar areas
B. Tropical regions
C. Deserts
D. Grasslands
Answer: A
32. The tundra is characterized by:
A. Extremely low temperatures
B. Heavy forests
C. High rainfall
D. Warm climate
Answer: A
33. The permanently frozen layer of soil is called:
A. Humus
B. Permafrost
C. Topsoil
D. Bedrock
Answer: B
34. Vegetation in tundra mainly includes:
A. Mosses and lichens
B. Tall trees
C. Mangroves
D. Bamboo
Answer: A
35. Which animal is found in tundra?
A. Polar bear
B. Camel
C. Lion
D. Crocodile
Answer: A
36. The growing season in tundra is:
A. Very short
B. Very long
C. Continuous
D. Absent
Answer: A
37. Tundra ecosystems have:
A. Low biodiversity
B. High biodiversity
C. No life
D. Dense forests
Answer: A
38. Permafrost prevents:
A. Deep root growth
B. Rainfall
C. Photosynthesis
D. Respiration
Answer: A
39. Arctic tundra is mainly located near:
A. North Pole
B. Equator
C. Tropics
D. Desert belt
Answer: A
40. Climate change threatens tundra by:
A. Melting permafrost
B. Increasing snow only
C. Creating deserts
D. Reducing sunlight
Answer: A
41. Freshwater ecosystems include:
A. Ponds
B. Lakes
C. Rivers
D. All of these
Answer: D
42. Freshwater contains:
A. Low salt concentration
B. High salt concentration
C. No water
D. Only minerals
Answer: A
43. Producers in freshwater ecosystems are mainly:
A. Algae and aquatic plants
B. Fish
C. Frogs
D. Snakes
Answer: A
44. A pond is an example of:
A. Freshwater ecosystem
B. Marine ecosystem
C. Desert ecosystem
D. Forest ecosystem
Answer: A
45. Which animal is commonly found in freshwater habitats?
A. Frog
B. Whale
C. Shark
D. Octopus
Answer: A
46. Freshwater ecosystems provide:
A. Drinking water
B. Irrigation water
C. Habitat for organisms
D. All of these
Answer: D
47. Water pollution mainly affects:
A. Aquatic biodiversity
B. Desert plants
C. Tundra animals
D. Forest trees only
Answer: A
48. Excess nutrients in lakes can cause:
A. Eutrophication
B. Afforestation
C. Desertification
D. Pollination
Answer: A
49. Rivers are examples of:
A. Flowing freshwater ecosystems
B. Marine ecosystems
C. Artificial ecosystems
D. Desert ecosystems
Answer: A
50. Freshwater ecosystems support:
A. Fish
B. Aquatic plants
C. Amphibians
D. All of these
Answer: D
51. Marine ecosystems are associated with:
A. Salt water
B. Fresh water
C. Desert water
D. Rainwater
Answer: A
52. Oceans cover approximately:
A. 10% of Earth
B. 30% of Earth
C. 71% of Earth
D. 90% of Earth
Answer: C
53. The largest marine ecosystem is:
A. Ocean
B. Pond
C. River
D. Wetland
Answer: A
54. Producers in marine ecosystems include:
A. Phytoplankton
B. Sharks
C. Whales
D. Octopuses
Answer: A
55. Coral reefs are known for:
A. High biodiversity
B. No biodiversity
C. Desert conditions
D. Low productivity
Answer: A
56. Mangroves are found in:
A. Coastal areas
B. Tundra
C. Desert
D. Grasslands
Answer: A
57. Which animal belongs to a marine ecosystem?
A. Dolphin
B. Camel
C. Deer
D. Rabbit
Answer: A
58. Marine ecosystems play a major role in:
A. Climate regulation
B. Oxygen production
C. Carbon absorption
D. All of these
Answer: D
59. Overfishing can lead to:
A. Ecosystem imbalance
B. Increased biodiversity
C. More fish populations
D. Better food webs
Answer: A
60. Coral bleaching is mainly caused by:
A. Environmental stress and warming
B. Heavy rainfall
C. Cold winds only
D. Soil erosion
Answer: A
SECTION 6: ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, CARRYING CAPACITY & THRESHOLD LEVEL
ICSE Class 9 Biology – MCQ Question Bank
A. ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS
1. Ecosystem functions refer to:
A. Physical appearance of ecosystems
B. Natural processes occurring within ecosystems
C. Number of species only
D. Climate conditions only
Answer: B
2. Which of the following is an ecosystem function?
A. Energy flow
B. Nutrient cycling
C. Decomposition
D. All of these
Answer: D
3. The flow of energy in an ecosystem is:
A. Cyclic
B. One-way
C. Random
D. Reversible
Answer: B
4. Energy enters an ecosystem through:
A. Consumers
B. Decomposers
C. Producers
D. Predators
Answer: C
5. Photosynthesis is important because it:
A. Converts solar energy into chemical energy
B. Destroys nutrients
C. Reduces biodiversity
D. Increases pollution
Answer: A
6. Nutrient cycling ensures:
A. Continuous availability of nutrients
B. Extinction of species
C. Reduction of soil fertility
D. Increase in pollution
Answer: A
7. Decomposition is mainly carried out by:
A. Producers
B. Herbivores
C. Decomposers
D. Carnivores
Answer: C
8. Decomposers help by:
A. Recycling nutrients
B. Producing oxygen
C. Pollinating flowers
D. Hunting prey
Answer: A
9. Ecosystem functions help maintain:
A. Ecological balance
B. Biodiversity
C. Stability
D. All of these
Answer: D
10. The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is called:
A. Nutrient cycling
B. Energy flow
C. Succession
D. Adaptation
Answer: B
11. Ecosystem services are:
A. Benefits humans obtain from ecosystems
B. Human-made facilities
C. Government programmes
D. Industrial activities
Answer: A
12. Provisioning services include:
A. Food
B. Water
C. Timber
D. All of these
Answer: D
13. Which is a provisioning service?
A. Oxygen production
B. Food supply
VC. Climate regulation
D. Soil formation
Answer: B
14. Regulating services include:
A. Climate regulation
B. Flood control
C. Pollination
D. All of these
Answer: D
15. Wetlands help prevent:
A. Flooding
B. Photosynthesis
C. Biodiversity
D. Decomposition
Answer: A
16. Pollination is an example of:
A. Provisioning service
B. Regulating service
C. Industrial service
D. Artificial service
Answer: B
17. Supporting services include:
A. Soil formation
B. Nutrient cycling
C. Habitat provision
D. All of these
Answer: D
18. Soil formation is classified as:
A. Supporting service
B. Cultural service
C. Provisioning service
D. Industrial service
Answer: A
19. Cultural services include:
A. Recreation
B. Tourism
C. Aesthetic value
D. All of these
Answer: D
20. National parks provide:
A. Cultural services
B. Recreational value
C. Educational value
D. All of these
Answer: D
21. Food obtained from ecosystems is a:
A. Provisioning service
B. Cultural service
C. Supporting service
D. Regulating service
Answer: A
22. Fresh drinking water is a:
A. Provisioning service
B. Supporting service
C. Cultural service
D. Regulating service
Answer: A
23. Climate regulation is a:
A. Cultural service
B. Provisioning service
C. Regulating service
D. Supporting service
Answer: C
24. Carbon sequestration by forests is a:
A. Regulating service
B. Cultural service
C. Provisioning service
D. Supporting service
Answer: A
25. Habitat provision is a:
A. Supporting service
B. Cultural service
C. Provisioning service
D. Industrial service
Answer: A
26. Ecotourism is related to:
A. Cultural services
B. Regulating services
C. Supporting services
D. Provisioning services
Answer: A
27. Nutrient recycling is categorized as:
A. Supporting service
B. Cultural service
C. Provisioning service
D. Regulating service
Answer: A
28. Mangrove forests protect coastal areas from:
A. Storm surges
B. Soil fertility
C. Photosynthesis
D. Pollination
Answer: A
29. Which ecosystem service helps agriculture directly?
A. Pollination
B. Flood control
C. Tourism
D. Recreation
Answer: A
30. Loss of ecosystem services can affect:
A. Human well-being
B. Economy
C. Biodiversity
D. All of these
Answer: D
31. Carrying capacity refers to:
A. Maximum population an environment can support
B. Minimum population in an ecosystem
C. Number of predators
D. Number of producers
Answer: A
32. Carrying capacity depends on:
A. Food availability
B. Water availability
C. Space availability
D. All of these
Answer: D
33. If a population exceeds carrying capacity:
A. Resources become limited
B. Competition increases
C. Population may decline
D. All of these
Answer: D
34. Carrying capacity is represented by:
A. K
B. H
C. P
D. E
Answer: A
35. A habitat with abundant resources generally has:
A. Higher carrying capacity
B. Lower carrying capacity
C. No carrying capacity
D. Fixed carrying capacity
Answer: A
36. Population growth slows as it approaches:
A. Extinction
B. Carrying capacity
C. Adaptation
D. Succession
Answer: B
37. Overpopulation may result in:
A. Resource depletion
B. Competition
C. Disease spread
D. All of these
Answer: D
38. Which factor can reduce carrying capacity?
A. Habitat destruction
B. Pollution
C. Drought
D. All of these
Answer: D
39. Carrying capacity helps maintain:
A. Ecological balance
B. Unlimited population growth
C. Extinction
D. Pollution
Answer: A
40. The carrying capacity of a forest is determined by:
A. Available resources
B. Predator population only
C. Rainfall only
D. Temperature only
Answer: A
41. Threshold level refers to:
A. A critical limit beyond which major changes occur
B. Maximum biodiversity
C. Minimum population
D. Average rainfall
Answer: A
42. Crossing a threshold level may cause:
A. Ecosystem instability
B. Ecosystem collapse
C. Irreversible changes
D. All of these
Answer: D
43. Ecosystems can tolerate disturbances only up to a:
A. Threshold level
B. Population level
C. Trophic level
D. Habitat level
Answer: A
44. Excessive pollution may push an ecosystem beyond its:
A. Carrying capacity
B. Threshold level
C. Biodiversity level
D. Trophic level
Answer: B
45. Coral bleaching is often linked to crossing environmental:
A. Threshold levels
B. Food chains
C. Habitats
D. Niches
Answer: A
46. Once a threshold is crossed, recovery may be:
A. Difficult
B. Immediate
C. Guaranteed
D. Unnecessary
Answer: A
47. Threshold levels help scientists understand:
A. Ecosystem resilience
B. Environmental limits
C. Sustainability
D. All of these
Answer: D
48. A lake becoming permanently polluted is an example of:
A. Ecosystem recovery
B. Threshold crossing
C. Nutrient cycling
D. Adaptation
Answer: B
49. Climate change may push ecosystems beyond:
A. Threshold levels
B. Habitats
C. Niches
D. Populations
Answer: A
50. Sustainable use of resources helps prevent:
A. Exceeding threshold levels
B. Biodiversity conservation
C. Ecosystem stability
D. Nutrient cycling
Answer: A
51. A forest provides timber, oxygen and habitat for wildlife. These benefits are examples of:
A. Ecosystem services
B. Trophic levels
C. Niches
D. Populations
Answer: A
52. If decomposers disappear from an ecosystem, the most immediate effect would be:
A. Accumulation of dead organic matter
B. Increase in nutrient recycling
C. More food production
D. Faster energy flow
Answer: A
53. A deer population suddenly increases beyond the available food supply. This indicates:
A. Carrying capacity has been exceeded
B. Biodiversity has increased
C. Ecosystem services have improved
D. Threshold level has decreased
Answer: A
54. Mangrove destruction is likely to increase:
A. Coastal erosion
B. Flood protection
C. Biodiversity
D. Carbon storage
Answer: A
55. A polluted river loses most fish species. Which ecosystem service is most directly affected?
A. Provisioning service
B. Cultural service
C. Supporting service
D. All of these
Answer: A
56. Which ecosystem service is essential for crop production?
A. Pollination
B. Recreation
C. Tourism
D. Carbon storage
Answer: A
57. If an ecosystem crosses its threshold level, it may:
A. Shift to a different state
B. Remain unchanged
C. Gain unlimited biodiversity
D. Stop functioning immediately
Answer: A
58. Carrying capacity is most closely related to:
A. Resource availability
B. Species name
C. Habitat colour
D. Climate zone only
Answer: A
59. Ecosystem functions and services are important because they:
A. Support life on Earth
B. Maintain environmental balance
C. Benefit humans
D. All of these
Answer: D
60. Sustainable development aims to:
A. Use resources responsibly
B. Protect ecosystem services
C. Maintain ecological balance
D. All of these
Answer: D
SECTION 6: ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, CARRYING CAPACITY & THRESHOLD LEVEL
ICSE Class 9 Biology – MCQ Question Bank
A. ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS
1. Ecosystem functions refer to:
A. Physical appearance of ecosystems
B. Natural processes occurring within ecosystems
C. Number of species only
D. Climate conditions only
Answer: B
2. Which of the following is an ecosystem function?
A. Energy flow
B. Nutrient cycling
C. Decomposition
D. All of these
Answer: D
3. The flow of energy in an ecosystem is:
A. Cyclic
B. One-way
C. Random
D. Reversible
Answer: B
4. Energy enters an ecosystem through:
A. Consumers
B. Decomposers
C. Producers
D. Predators
Answer: C
5. Photosynthesis is important because it:
A. Converts solar energy into chemical energy
B. Destroys nutrients
C. Reduces biodiversity
D. Increases pollution
Answer: A
6. Nutrient cycling ensures:
A. Continuous availability of nutrients
B. Extinction of species
C. Reduction of soil fertility
D. Increase in pollution
Answer: A
7. Decomposition is mainly carried out by:
A. Producers
B. Herbivores
C. Decomposers
D. Carnivores
Answer: C
8. Decomposers help by:
A. Recycling nutrients
B. Producing oxygen
C. Pollinating flowers
D. Hunting prey
Answer: A
9. Ecosystem functions help maintain:
A. Ecological balance
B. Biodiversity
C. Stability
D. All of these
Answer: D
10. The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is called:
A. Nutrient cycling
B. Energy flow
C. Succession
D. Adaptation
Answer: B
11. Ecosystem services are:
A. Benefits humans obtain from ecosystems
B. Human-made facilities
C. Government programmes
D. Industrial activities
Answer: A
12. Provisioning services include:
A. Food
B. Water
C. Timber
D. All of these
Answer: D
13. Which is a provisioning service?
A. Oxygen production
B. Food supply
VC. Climate regulation
D. Soil formation
Answer: B
14. Regulating services include:
A. Climate regulation
B. Flood control
C. Pollination
D. All of these
Answer: D
15. Wetlands help prevent:
A. Flooding
B. Photosynthesis
C. Biodiversity
D. Decomposition
Answer: A
16. Pollination is an example of:
A. Provisioning service
B. Regulating service
C. Industrial service
D. Artificial service
Answer: B
17. Supporting services include:
A. Soil formation
B. Nutrient cycling
C. Habitat provision
D. All of these
Answer: D
18. Soil formation is classified as:
A. Supporting service
B. Cultural service
C. Provisioning service
D. Industrial service
Answer: A
19. Cultural services include:
A. Recreation
B. Tourism
C. Aesthetic value
D. All of these
Answer: D
20. National parks provide:
A. Cultural services
B. Recreational value
C. Educational value
D. All of these
Answer: D
21. Food obtained from ecosystems is a:
A. Provisioning service
B. Cultural service
C. Supporting service
D. Regulating service
Answer: A
22. Fresh drinking water is a:
A. Provisioning service
B. Supporting service
C. Cultural service
D. Regulating service
Answer: A
23. Climate regulation is a:
A. Cultural service
B. Provisioning service
C. Regulating service
D. Supporting service
Answer: C
24. Carbon sequestration by forests is a:
A. Regulating service
B. Cultural service
C. Provisioning service
D. Supporting service
Answer: A
25. Habitat provision is a:
A. Supporting service
B. Cultural service
C. Provisioning service
D. Industrial service
Answer: A
26. Ecotourism is related to:
A. Cultural services
B. Regulating services
C. Supporting services
D. Provisioning services
Answer: A
27. Nutrient recycling is categorized as:
A. Supporting service
B. Cultural service
C. Provisioning service
D. Regulating service
Answer: A
28. Mangrove forests protect coastal areas from:
A. Storm surges
B. Soil fertility
C. Photosynthesis
D. Pollination
Answer: A
29. Which ecosystem service helps agriculture directly?
A. Pollination
B. Flood control
C. Tourism
D. Recreation
Answer: A
30. Loss of ecosystem services can affect:
A. Human well-being
B. Economy
C. Biodiversity
D. All of these
Answer: D
31. Carrying capacity refers to:
A. Maximum population an environment can support
B. Minimum population in an ecosystem
C. Number of predators
D. Number of producers
Answer: A
32. Carrying capacity depends on:
A. Food availability
B. Water availability
C. Space availability
D. All of these
Answer: D
33. If a population exceeds carrying capacity:
A. Resources become limited
B. Competition increases
C. Population may decline
D. All of these
Answer: D
34. Carrying capacity is represented by:
A. K
B. H
C. P
D. E
Answer: A
35. A habitat with abundant resources generally has:
A. Higher carrying capacity
B. Lower carrying capacity
C. No carrying capacity
D. Fixed carrying capacity
Answer: A
36. Population growth slows as it approaches:
A. Extinction
B. Carrying capacity
C. Adaptation
D. Succession
Answer: B
37. Overpopulation may result in:
A. Resource depletion
B. Competition
C. Disease spread
D. All of these
Answer: D
38. Which factor can reduce carrying capacity?
A. Habitat destruction
B. Pollution
C. Drought
D. All of these
Answer: D
39. Carrying capacity helps maintain:
A. Ecological balance
B. Unlimited population growth
C. Extinction
D. Pollution
Answer: A
40. The carrying capacity of a forest is determined by:
A. Available resources
B. Predator population only
C. Rainfall only
D. Temperature only
Answer: A
41. Threshold level refers to:
A. A critical limit beyond which major changes occur
B. Maximum biodiversity
C. Minimum population
D. Average rainfall
Answer: A
42. Crossing a threshold level may cause:
A. Ecosystem instability
B. Ecosystem collapse
C. Irreversible changes
D. All of these
Answer: D
43. Ecosystems can tolerate disturbances only up to a:
A. Threshold level
B. Population level
C. Trophic level
D. Habitat level
Answer: A
44. Excessive pollution may push an ecosystem beyond its:
A. Carrying capacity
B. Threshold level
C. Biodiversity level
D. Trophic level
Answer: B
45. Coral bleaching is often linked to crossing environmental:
A. Threshold levels
B. Food chains
C. Habitats
D. Niches
Answer: A
46. Once a threshold is crossed, recovery may be:
A. Difficult
B. Immediate
C. Guaranteed
D. Unnecessary
Answer: A
47. Threshold levels help scientists understand:
A. Ecosystem resilience
B. Environmental limits
C. Sustainability
D. All of these
Answer: D
48. A lake becoming permanently polluted is an example of:
A. Ecosystem recovery
B. Threshold crossing
C. Nutrient cycling
D. Adaptation
Answer: B
49. Climate change may push ecosystems beyond:
A. Threshold levels
B. Habitats
C. Niches
D. Populations
Answer: A
50. Sustainable use of resources helps prevent:
A. Exceeding threshold levels
B. Biodiversity conservation
C. Ecosystem stability
D. Nutrient cycling
Answer: A
51. A forest provides timber, oxygen and habitat for wildlife. These benefits are examples of:
A. Ecosystem services
B. Trophic levels
C. Niches
D. Populations
Answer: A
52. If decomposers disappear from an ecosystem, the most immediate effect would be:
A. Accumulation of dead organic matter
B. Increase in nutrient recycling
C. More food production
D. Faster energy flow
Answer: A
53. A deer population suddenly increases beyond the available food supply. This indicates:
A. Carrying capacity has been exceeded
B. Biodiversity has increased
C. Ecosystem services have improved
D. Threshold level has decreased
Answer: A
54. Mangrove destruction is likely to increase:
A. Coastal erosion
B. Flood protection
C. Biodiversity
D. Carbon storage
Answer: A
55. A polluted river loses most fish species. Which ecosystem service is most directly affected?
A. Provisioning service
B. Cultural service
C. Supporting service
D. All of these
Answer: A
56. Which ecosystem service is essential for crop production?
A. Pollination
B. Recreation
C. Tourism
D. Carbon storage
Answer: A
57. If an ecosystem crosses its threshold level, it may:
A. Shift to a different state
B. Remain unchanged
C. Gain unlimited biodiversity
D. Stop functioning immediately
Answer: A
58. Carrying capacity is most closely related to:
A. Resource availability
B. Species name
C. Habitat colour
D. Climate zone only
Answer: A
59. Ecosystem functions and services are important because they:
A. Support life on Earth
B. Maintain environmental balance
C. Benefit humans
D. All of these
Answer: D
60. Sustainable development aims to:
A. Use resources responsibly
B. Protect ecosystem services
C. Maintain ecological balance
D. All of these
Answer: D
SECTION 6: ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, CARRYING CAPACITY & THRESHOLD LEVEL
ICSE Class 9 Biology – MCQ Question Bank
A. ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS
1. Ecosystem functions refer to:
A. Physical appearance of ecosystems
B. Natural processes occurring within ecosystems
C. Number of species only
D. Climate conditions only
Answer: B
2. Which of the following is an ecosystem function?
A. Energy flow
B. Nutrient cycling
C. Decomposition
D. All of these
Answer: D
3. The flow of energy in an ecosystem is:
A. Cyclic
B. One-way
C. Random
D. Reversible
Answer: B
4. Energy enters an ecosystem through:
A. Consumers
B. Decomposers
C. Producers
D. Predators
Answer: C
5. Photosynthesis is important because it:
A. Converts solar energy into chemical energy
B. Destroys nutrients
C. Reduces biodiversity
D. Increases pollution
Answer: A
6. Nutrient cycling ensures:
A. Continuous availability of nutrients
B. Extinction of species
C. Reduction of soil fertility
D. Increase in pollution
Answer: A
7. Decomposition is mainly carried out by:
A. Producers
B. Herbivores
C. Decomposers
D. Carnivores
Answer: C
8. Decomposers help by:
A. Recycling nutrients
B. Producing oxygen
C. Pollinating flowers
D. Hunting prey
Answer: A
9. Ecosystem functions help maintain:
A. Ecological balance
B. Biodiversity
C. Stability
D. All of these
Answer: D
10. The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is called:
A. Nutrient cycling
B. Energy flow
C. Succession
D. Adaptation
Answer: B
11. Ecosystem services are:
A. Benefits humans obtain from ecosystems
B. Human-made facilities
C. Government programmes
D. Industrial activities
Answer: A
12. Provisioning services include:
A. Food
B. Water
C. Timber
D. All of these
Answer: D
13. Which is a provisioning service?
A. Oxygen production
B. Food supply
VC. Climate regulation
D. Soil formation
Answer: B
14. Regulating services include:
A. Climate regulation
B. Flood control
C. Pollination
D. All of these
Answer: D
15. Wetlands help prevent:
A. Flooding
B. Photosynthesis
C. Biodiversity
D. Decomposition
Answer: A
16. Pollination is an example of:
A. Provisioning service
B. Regulating service
C. Industrial service
D. Artificial service
Answer: B
17. Supporting services include:
A. Soil formation
B. Nutrient cycling
C. Habitat provision
D. All of these
Answer: D
18. Soil formation is classified as:
A. Supporting service
B. Cultural service
C. Provisioning service
D. Industrial service
Answer: A
19. Cultural services include:
A. Recreation
B. Tourism
C. Aesthetic value
D. All of these
Answer: D
20. National parks provide:
A. Cultural services
B. Recreational value
C. Educational value
D. All of these
Answer: D
21. Food obtained from ecosystems is a:
A. Provisioning service
B. Cultural service
C. Supporting service
D. Regulating service
Answer: A
22. Fresh drinking water is a:
A. Provisioning service
B. Supporting service
C. Cultural service
D. Regulating service
Answer: A
23. Climate regulation is a:
A. Cultural service
B. Provisioning service
C. Regulating service
D. Supporting service
Answer: C
24. Carbon sequestration by forests is a:
A. Regulating service
B. Cultural service
C. Provisioning service
D. Supporting service
Answer: A
25. Habitat provision is a:
A. Supporting service
B. Cultural service
C. Provisioning service
D. Industrial service
Answer: A
26. Ecotourism is related to:
A. Cultural services
B. Regulating services
C. Supporting services
D. Provisioning services
Answer: A
27. Nutrient recycling is categorized as:
A. Supporting service
B. Cultural service
C. Provisioning service
D. Regulating service
Answer: A
28. Mangrove forests protect coastal areas from:
A. Storm surges
B. Soil fertility
C. Photosynthesis
D. Pollination
Answer: A
29. Which ecosystem service helps agriculture directly?
A. Pollination
B. Flood control
C. Tourism
D. Recreation
Answer: A
30. Loss of ecosystem services can affect:
A. Human well-being
B. Economy
C. Biodiversity
D. All of these
Answer: D
31. Carrying capacity refers to:
A. Maximum population an environment can support
B. Minimum population in an ecosystem
C. Number of predators
D. Number of producers
Answer: A
32. Carrying capacity depends on:
A. Food availability
B. Water availability
C. Space availability
D. All of these
Answer: D
33. If a population exceeds carrying capacity:
A. Resources become limited
B. Competition increases
C. Population may decline
D. All of these
Answer: D
34. Carrying capacity is represented by:
A. K
B. H
C. P
D. E
Answer: A
35. A habitat with abundant resources generally has:
A. Higher carrying capacity
B. Lower carrying capacity
C. No carrying capacity
D. Fixed carrying capacity
Answer: A
36. Population growth slows as it approaches:
A. Extinction
B. Carrying capacity
C. Adaptation
D. Succession
Answer: B
37. Overpopulation may result in:
A. Resource depletion
B. Competition
C. Disease spread
D. All of these
Answer: D
38. Which factor can reduce carrying capacity?
A. Habitat destruction
B. Pollution
C. Drought
D. All of these
Answer: D
39. Carrying capacity helps maintain:
A. Ecological balance
B. Unlimited population growth
C. Extinction
D. Pollution
Answer: A
40. The carrying capacity of a forest is determined by:
A. Available resources
B. Predator population only
C. Rainfall only
D. Temperature only
Answer: A
41. Threshold level refers to:
A. A critical limit beyond which major changes occur
B. Maximum biodiversity
C. Minimum population
D. Average rainfall
Answer: A
42. Crossing a threshold level may cause:
A. Ecosystem instability
B. Ecosystem collapse
C. Irreversible changes
D. All of these
Answer: D
43. Ecosystems can tolerate disturbances only up to a:
A. Threshold level
B. Population level
C. Trophic level
D. Habitat level
Answer: A
44. Excessive pollution may push an ecosystem beyond its:
A. Carrying capacity
B. Threshold level
C. Biodiversity level
D. Trophic level
Answer: B
45. Coral bleaching is often linked to crossing environmental:
A. Threshold levels
B. Food chains
C. Habitats
D. Niches
Answer: A
46. Once a threshold is crossed, recovery may be:
A. Difficult
B. Immediate
C. Guaranteed
D. Unnecessary
Answer: A
47. Threshold levels help scientists understand:
A. Ecosystem resilience
B. Environmental limits
C. Sustainability
D. All of these
Answer: D
48. A lake becoming permanently polluted is an example of:
A. Ecosystem recovery
B. Threshold crossing
C. Nutrient cycling
D. Adaptation
Answer: B
49. Climate change may push ecosystems beyond:
A. Threshold levels
B. Habitats
C. Niches
D. Populations
Answer: A
50. Sustainable use of resources helps prevent:
A. Exceeding threshold levels
B. Biodiversity conservation
C. Ecosystem stability
D. Nutrient cycling
Answer: A
51. A forest provides timber, oxygen and habitat for wildlife. These benefits are examples of:
A. Ecosystem services
B. Trophic levels
C. Niches
D. Populations
Answer: A
52. If decomposers disappear from an ecosystem, the most immediate effect would be:
A. Accumulation of dead organic matter
B. Increase in nutrient recycling
C. More food production
D. Faster energy flow
Answer: A
53. A deer population suddenly increases beyond the available food supply. This indicates:
A. Carrying capacity has been exceeded
B. Biodiversity has increased
C. Ecosystem services have improved
D. Threshold level has decreased
Answer: A
54. Mangrove destruction is likely to increase:
A. Coastal erosion
B. Flood protection
C. Biodiversity
D. Carbon storage
Answer: A
55. A polluted river loses most fish species. Which ecosystem service is most directly affected?
A. Provisioning service
B. Cultural service
C. Supporting service
D. All of these
Answer: A
56. Which ecosystem service is essential for crop production?
A. Pollination
B. Recreation
C. Tourism
D. Carbon storage
Answer: A
57. If an ecosystem crosses its threshold level, it may:
A. Shift to a different state
B. Remain unchanged
C. Gain unlimited biodiversity
D. Stop functioning immediately
Answer: A
58. Carrying capacity is most closely related to:
A. Resource availability
B. Species name
C. Habitat colour
D. Climate zone only
Answer: A
59. Ecosystem functions and services are important because they:
A. Support life on Earth
B. Maintain environmental balance
C. Benefit humans
D. All of these
Answer: D
60. Sustainable development aims to:
A. Use resources responsibly
B. Protect ecosystem services
C. Maintain ecological balance
D. All of these
Answer: D
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