Mathematics Project


Introduction 
In Mathematics, fractions are defined as the parts of a whole. The whole can be an object or a group of objects. In real life, when we cut a piece of cake from the whole of it, then the portion is the fraction of the cake. A fraction is a word that is originated from Latin. In Latin, “Fractus” means “broken”.  In ancient times, the fraction was represented using words. Later, it was introduced in numerical form.

Generally, the fraction can be a portion of any quantity out of the whole thing and the whole can be any specific things or value.

The basics of fractions explain the top and bottom numbers of a fraction. The top number represents the number of selected or shaded parts of a whole whereas the bottom number represents the total number of parts.


What are Fractions?

Definition 1: A fraction represents a numerical value, which defines the parts of a whole. 

Definition 2: A fraction is a number that represents a part of a whole.

Suppose a number has to be divided into four parts, then it is represented as x/4. So the fraction here, x/4, defines 1/4th of the number x. Hence, 1/4 is the fraction here.  It means one in four equal parts. It can be read as one-fourth or 1/4. This is known as fraction.

Parts of Fractions

The fractions include two parts, numerator and denominator.

  • Numerator: It is the upper part of the fraction, that represents the sections of the fraction
  • Denominator: It is the lower or bottom part that represents the total parts in which the fraction is divided.

Example: If 3/4 is a fraction, then 3 is the numerator and 4 is the denominator.


Properties of Fractions

Similar to real numbers and whole numbers, a fractional number also holds some of the important properties. They are:

  • Commutative and associative properties hold true for fractional addition and multiplication
  • The identity element of fractional addition is 0, and fractional multiplication is 1
  • The multiplicative inverse of a/b is b/a, where a and b should be non zero elements
  • Fractional numbers obey the distributive property of multiplication over addition

Types of Fractions

Based on the properties of numerator and denominator, fractions are sub-divided into different types. They are:

  • Proper fractions
  • Improper fractions
  • Mixed fractions
  • Like fractions
  • Unlike fractions
  • Equivalent fractions

Proper Fractions

The proper fractions are those where the numerator is less than the denominator. For example, 8/9 will be a proper fraction since “numerator < denominator”. 

Improper Fractions

The improper fraction is a fraction where the numerator happens to be greater than the denominator. For example, 9/8 will be an improper fraction since “numerator > denominator”.

Mixed Fractions

A mixed fraction is a combination of the integer part and a proper fraction. These are also called mixed numbers or mixed numerals. For example:  3(¼), 1 (2/9), 7(¾).

Like Fractions

Like fractions are those fractions, as the name suggests, that are alike or same.

For example, take ½ and 2/4; they are alike since if you simplify it mathematically, you will get the same fraction. 

Unlike Fractions

Unlike fractions, are those that are dissimilar.

For example, ½ and 1/3 are unlike fractions.

Equivalent Fractions

Two fractions are equivalent to each other if after simplification either of two fractions is equal to the other one. 

For example, ⅔ and 4/6 are equivalent fractions.

Since, 4/6 = (2×2)/(2×3) = 2/3

Unit Fractions

A fraction is known as a unit fraction when the numerator is equal to 1. 

  • One half of whole = ½
  • One-third of whole = 1/3
  • One-fourth of whole = ¼
  • One-fifth of whole = ⅕
Bibliography 
https://byjus.com/maths/
www.Googleimages.com

Acknowledgement 

I would like to thank my mathematics teacher for helping me with this project. He allowed me to work on this project. 
Secondly, I am also grateful to my parents and friends for their assistance in completing this project in such a short period of time.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank everyone who helped me a lot.

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